Sexual Violence And Gender Based Violence Against Women...

3.1. Sexual violence and gender based violence against women and girls Wartime sexual and gender based violence is one of the main concerns of SCR 1325. Violence against women in the forms of rape, torture, sexual slavery, forced pregnancy, forced sterilization and murder has increasing become a routine weapon of war (Willett, 2010, pp. 153-154). A further concern is the persistence of widespread sexual violence, even after political stabilisation, where sexual violence becomes a ‘normal’ part of society and its systems. Sexual and gender based violence, including the threat of violence, is a powerful tactic of war that services to exclude women’s participation and enforce their victimisation and subservience (Willett, 2010, pp. 154). SCR†¦show more content†¦These include; Ministry of Women affairs, Afghanistan Independent Human Rights Commission, Elimination of Violence Against Women Commission, Elimination of Violence Against Women Prosecution Office, Family Courts and Gender Units in many ministries, and inter-ministerial committees (Ebrahimkhel, 2013, p. 1). In 2009, the Law on the Elimination of Violence Against Women was (EVAW) decreed into law by an executive order by the President. The EVAW law banned and set new penalties for underage and forced marriage, domestic violence, rape, forced prostitution, and other abuses against women (Ebrahimkhel, 2013, p. 2). Despite the Government’s efforts, a number of reports demonstrate an alarming increase in violence against women over recent years (Hamid, 2011, pp. 31; Cameron Kamminga, 2014, pp. 8-9; UNAMA UN OHCHR, 2015, pp. 7-9). Women report cases of physical abuse, forced marriages, and the continued existence of entrenched cultural practices, such as baad (the exchange of women and girls to end family feuds). There is a lack of official primary and comprehensive data on violence against women in Afghanistan. The Government of Afghanistan reported 4,505 registered incidents of violence against women in 32 of the 34 provinces, between March 2012 to March 2013 (Islamic Republic of Afghanistan, Ministry of Women’s Affairs, 2014, pp. 8). Registered cases refers to any incident of violence against women

Essay on Factors Leading to Stress and How It Can Be Avoided

Factors Leading to Stress and How It Can Be Avoided Stress is an unavoidable consequence of life. However, just as distress can cause disease, it seems plausible that there are good stresses that promote wellness. The objective of this research paper is to examine some of the common causes of stress, its effect on our physical body, our mind, emotions and our behavior. Another and equally important objective is to explore some of the stress management techniques and treatments available to the individual and medical practitioners. The paper is concluded by highlighting some of the key points and observations from the research. Don’t Stress With the death of a loved one, the birth of a†¦show more content†¦Humans oftentimes react to change in a negative manner. Many times we are guilty of assuming the worst rather than the best when change is involved. This type of thinking often leads to overreaction, panic, and even anxiety. Stress is experienced even when positive changes take place. In our workplace we may have a change in our priorities, the boss may ask us to perform a new task, or we may even have to change our daily work routine. This will undoubtedly cause the calmest individual to experience some form of stress. We typically undergo similar changes in our home and tend to react by stressing ourselves out. This is because change is new and uncomfortable. Old habits must die and a new path must be forged. We must face the unknown and our body reacts to the â€Å"not knowing†. While change can be positive, at some point in our lives, we have experienced or will experience a traumatic event or a critical incident. A critical incident can be described as any incident that causes people to experience unusually strong emotional reactions, which have the potential to affect their ability to function at their workplace, within their families, and/or in other areas of their lives. The event may be time-limited, ongoing or even chronic. Once the incident is over, it is possible to experience strong emotional or physical reactions. It is common, inShow MoreRelatedStress And Learning : How Stress Affects The Brain Essay920 Words   |  4 PagesStress and Learning: How Stress Affects the Brain Introduction Stress is a big factor in everyday life. It influences how we approach life and events. Stress is why people run tight schedules and diet regularly. The power stress has is a negative effect over our brain and our body. Many people do not understand how to cope with stress. Therefore, people suffer from physical illness due to stress. Learning is not taking place when someone undergoes stress. Literature Review According to researchRead MoreType 2 Diabetes: An Epidemic1192 Words   |  5 Pagesother things such as heart disease, stroke, or kidney failure. 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John Locke on Liberty and Equality - 933 Words

Liberalism is a political philosophy based on the ideas of liberty and equality; it supports the ideas of civil rights, freedom of religion, freedom of press, and free trade. Liberalism traces its origins to the works of John Locke in the seventeenth century and the philosophy of enlightenment in the eighteenth century. Locke wrote that every man has a natural right to life, liberty and property (â€Å"All mankind being all equal and independent, no one ought to harm another in his life, health, liberty, or possessions, John Locke, Second Treatise of Government). Liberals opposed absolutism and favored democratic government with rule of law. In the nineteenth century, liberal governments were established in nations across Europe, and America. Although liberalism had become popular, in the nineteenth and the 20th century it faced challenges. The ideas of Freud and Nietzsche, anti-Semitism, World War 1, Communism, feminism, and Nazism, all presented challenges to the ideas of liberali sm. 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Business Economics Sole Supplier in Imdustry

Question: Describe about the Business Economics for Sole Supplier in Imdustry. Answer: Introduction: A monopolist is the sole supplier of the product in the industry. It regulates price. It either decides price or output. There is no supply curve in such kind of a market structure. It is in hands of the sole supplier to regulate how much output it wants to produce and sell it in the market. However, pricing of such products are guided by the fundamental MR-MC rule. That is, price is settled at a point where MR is maximal. Profit maximization is at that level of output where MR is equal to MC. Thus, corresponding price is the equilibrium price and corresponding output is the equilibrium quantity (Parkin,2013). Analysis: a). A seller would charge lower prices of its product only when he is aware that the price elasticity of the demand of its product is very high. In this case, the seller is very much aware of the fact that any downward movement in the price is very much likely to have a positive effect on the quantity demand. Moreover, due to the given downward sloping nature of the demand curve, it will be able to send more at a lower price and vice versa. It would continue to produce upto a point where MR=MC. Below diagram (left side) depicts the same scenario where the elasticity of demand is very high. A seller charges lower price and offers greater quantity. b). A monopolists seller would increase the price of its product when that there is no availability of any close substitute for the product it sells . This makes the demand for its product to be greatly inelastic. Hence, there will be a smaller reduction in the demand of the product on the account of the increase in the price. (Mankiw, 2007). Below diagram (right side) depicts the same scenario where the elasticity of demand is very low. A seller charges higher price and offers lesser quantity. Conclusion: Thus, price elasticity of demand plays a vital role in determining how much price or quantity would be offered to the buyer. Question 2). Introduction: ` A theory of comparative advantage states that there will be an overall rise in the economic welfare if both countries engage themselves in trade by trading and specializing in that commodity whose opportunity cost is low. Analysis: A statement that a country would flourish without trade is completely false. A country in isolation would be producing both goods- efficient as well as inefficient ones. However, if such country engages in trade, specializes in producing efficient commodity and imports a good where the cost of producing is relatively high, then it would produce more output and earn extra income. For example, France, in isolation would produce 29 units of both goods and China would produce 25 units of both goods. After entering into trade and specializing in the efficient commodity where the opportunity cost is low, both countries would produce more (Parkin,2013). For example, consider the following table where the opportunity cost for producing 1 unit of mobilephones is 1.9 units for France. For China, the opportunity cost for producing 1 unit of mobile phones is 1.08 units. Thus, China has comparative advantage in producing mobile phones because it has lower opportunity cost. France has comparative advantage in producing cheese due to lower opportunity cost. Mobile phones Cheese France 10 19 China 12 13 Total 22 32 Conclusion: Hence, because of the existence of the constant returns to scale, both countries specialize (France in cheese and China in Mobile phones) in producing a product which increases after specialization. That is, China will be producing 24 units of wine instead of total 22 units of production and France will now produce 38 units of cheese instead of 32 total units (Mankiw, 2007). References: Mankiw , G 2007,Economics: Principles and Applications, 4th edition South Western, Cengage Learning India Private Limited. Parkin, M 2013,Microeconomics, 11thedition, Prentice Hall.